Optimization of an automated truck loading system for curtain trailers using sensor-based environmental perception and adaptive protection guard system

Abstract

In response to rising demands for efficiency, safety, and the growing shortage of skilled labor, automation in the transportation and logistics sector has gained significant importance. Automated Truck Loading Systems (ATLS) are being increasingly utilized to optimize distribution and warehouse logistics. However, the presence of various truck trailer types with distinct designs poses challenges for loading systems. Particularly, the flexible construction of curtain-sided trailers complicates the application of static loading systems due to asymmetries and sloping side walls. This article introduces a truck loading system capable of autonomously loading various trailer types. Yet, with curtain-sided trailers, collisions between palletized cargo and side walls are frequently encountered. Addressing this, the article presents the development and evaluation of a sensory environment recognition system for the loading process. The system's objective is to enhance safety and efficiency by enabling precise real-time distance measurements and collision detection within the interior of the curtain-sided trailers. Results from field studies demonstrate the system's capability for reliable and accurate environment recognition. Practically evaluated within an operational context, the system showcases its ability for predictive collision detection and distance measurement during the loading process.